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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Turton</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Henry Turton</b> (* <a href="16._April" title="16. April">16. April</a> <a href="1832" title="1832">1832</a> in Shipston-on-Stour, <a href="Stratford-on-Avon_(District)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratford-on-Avon (District)">Distrikt Stratford-on-Avon</a>; † <a href="14._April" title="14. April">14. April</a> <a href="1881" title="1881">1881</a> in <a href="Derby_(Derbyshire)" title="Derby (Derbyshire)">Derby</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> war ein britischer <a href="Schachkomposition" title="Schachkomposition">Schachkomponist</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Turtons Eltern waren William Turton (1804–1860), ein <a href="Rechtsanwalt" title="Rechtsanwalt">Rechtsanwalt</a> (<a href="Solicitor" title="Solicitor">Solicitor</a>), und seine Frau Elizabeth (* 1803). Er hatte zwei jüngere Geschwister, Roland Thomas (1834–1851) und Henrietta Mary (* 1837). Die Familie zog zunächst um nach <a href="Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>, später nach Tunstall, heute Teil von <a href="Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a>. 1850 begann Turton Schachprobleme zu komponieren und zu veröffentlichen, auch eine Reihe von Schachpartien sind von ihm überliefert. 1856 berief <a href="Johann_Jacob_L%C3%B6wenthal" title="Johann Jacob Löwenthal">Johann Jacob Löwenthal</a> Turton in das Komitee zur Durchführung des Schachkompositionsturniers der Zeitschrift <i>The Era</i>. Er wurde in das Preisrichtergremium gewählt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sein Urteil über den ersten und zweiten Preis ist in der deutschen Übersetzung von Löwenthals Turnierbericht nachzulesen; Turton votierte zunächst für <a href="Frank_Healey" title="Frank Healey">Frank Healeys</a> Einsendung, revidierte diese Einschätzung aber, als eine Inkorrektheit in einer der Kompositionen Healeys gefunden wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zu diesem Zeitpunkt lebte Turton in <a href="Burton-upon-Trent" class="mw-redirect" title="Burton-upon-Trent">Burton-upon-Trent</a>, später zog er nach <a href="Bath" title="Bath">Bath</a> um. Zwischen 1850 und 1860 entstanden fast alle seine veröffentlichten Schachaufgaben.
</p><p>Danach widmete er sich hauptsächlich seinem Beruf als <a href="Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur">Ingenieur</a>. Er heiratete 1864 Rolinda Osborne (1841–1880). Im November 1872 veröffentlichte Turton in der Zeitschrift <i>The English Mechanic and World of Science</i> einen Aufsatz über eine technische Verbesserung der <a href="Wilhelm_Holtz" title="Wilhelm Holtz">Holtz’schen</a> <a href="Influenzmaschine" title="Influenzmaschine">Influenzmaschine</a>, die auch in dem von <a href="Alfred_Ely_Beach" title="Alfred Ely Beach">Alfred Ely Beach</a> herausgegebenen, in New York erscheinenden Jahrbuch <i>The Science Record</i> rezipiert wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weitere Spuren seiner Berufstätigkeit haben sich nicht erhalten. Daneben nahm er 1871 an einem Städtekampf im Schach zwischen Bath und <a href="Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> teil, als Teil der Mannschaft von Bath. Sein letzter Wohnsitz war schließlich Derby, wo er bei Haslam Engineering arbeitete, einer auf Kühltechnik spezialisierten Firma. Er starb am 14. April 1881 an einem Herzanfall nach dem Schlafengehen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Es ist gut möglich, dass Henry Turton der erste Patient in Großbritannien war, dem unter <a href="Lachgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachgas">Lachgas</a>-Betäubung ein Zahn gezogen wurde. Gemäß einem Brief des <a href="Zahnarzt" title="Zahnarzt">Zahnarztes</a> William Lloyd Poundall an das <i>British Journal of Dental Science</i> von 1870 wurde er 1856 oder 1857 von einem Ingenieur Henry Turton, wohnhaft in Burton-upon-Trent, gebeten, bei ihm eine Zahnextraktion unter Lachgas vorzunehmen. Turton soll das Gas selbst mitgebracht haben, offenbar hergestellt von einem Freund („Hallam“), der am selben Ort Apotheker war. Die Behandlung soll erfolgreich gewesen sein, ebenso wie eine weitere Zahnextraktion etwas später. In einem Aufsatz für das <i>British Journal of Anaesthesia</i> hat der Anästhesist W. D. A. Smith die Umstände dieser Geschichte recherchiert und für plausibel befunden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Das_Turton-Thema">Das Turton-Thema</h3></div>
<p>Henry Turton war Erstdarsteller eines Themas in der Schachkomposition, dem von <a href="Johannes_Kohtz" title="Johannes Kohtz">Johannes Kohtz</a> und <a href="Carl_Kockelkorn" title="Carl Kockelkorn">Carl Kockelkorn</a> in ihrer Schrift <i><a href="Das_Indische_Problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Indische Problem">Das Indische Problem</a></i> sein Name gegeben wurde. Kohtz und Kockelkorn sprachen vom „Durchschnittspunkt Turton’s“,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> heute ist die Bezeichnung <i>Turton</i> geläufig. Es handelt sich um eine Verdopplung von Langschrittlern auf einer Linie, Reihe oder Diagonale, die durch einen kritischen Zug eingeleitet wird. Nachfolgend wird der Ur-<i>Turton</i> gezeigt. Hier wird die schwächere Figur über den Schnittpunkt zurückgestoßen, damit die stärkere Figur vorn stehen kann. Variationen dieser Idee sind der <a href="Samuel_Loyd#Der_Loyd-Turton" title="Samuel Loyd">Loyd-Turton</a> (die stärkere Figur wird zurückgestoßen, damit die schwächere vorn stehen kann), der <a href="Erich_Brunner#Der_Brunner-Turton" title="Erich Brunner">Brunner-Turton</a> (die beiden Figuren sind gleich, also gewöhnlich zwei Türme) und der Zepler-Turton (nach <a href="Erich_Zepler" title="Erich Zepler">Erich Zepler</a> benannt; die Verdopplung wird durch Vorstoßen statt durch Zurückstoßen über den kritischen Punkt erreicht).
</p><p>In Turtons Problem überschreitet der weiße Läufer kritisch den Schnittpunkt g7, damit die Dame sich vor ihm platzieren kann und die beiden weißen Figuren in der richtigen Reihenfolge verdoppelt werden.
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<div><b>Henry Turton</b><br><i><a href="The_Illustrated_London_News" title="The Illustrated London News">The Illustrated London News</a><br>6. September 1856</i></div>
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<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in drei Zügen</b></div></div></div></div><p><br><br>
</p><p><b>Lösung:</b><br>
<b>1. Lc3–h8!</b> <a href="Drohung_(Spieltheorie)" title="Drohung (Spieltheorie)">droht</a> 2. Dg3–a3 matt. <b>1. … b5–b4</b><br>
<b>2. Dg3–g7!</b> droht 3. Dg7xb2 matt <b>2. … c4–c3</b><br>
<b>3. Dg7–a7 matt</b><br>
Falls <b>1. … Tc8–a8</b> dann<br>
<b>2. Dg3–c3 Ta8–a2</b><br>
<b>3. Dc3–c1 matt</b><br>
Falls <b>1. … Ka1–a2</b>, so<br>
<b>2. Dg3–c3 b2–b1D</b><br>
<b>3. Dc3–a5 matt</b>.
</p><p>Die hier abgebildete Urfassung ist inkorrekt, weil sie Nebenlösungen aufweist, die bereits Kohtz und Kockelkorn 1903 bekannt waren:
</p><p>1. Lb4! cxb4 2. Dg1+ b1D 3. Dxb1 matt oder 2. … Ka2 3. Da7 matt. Auch Zugumstellung ist möglich: 1. Dg1+ Ka2 2. Lb4!
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<p>Es hat mehrere Versuche gegeben, diese Inkorrektheit zu beseitigen. 1912 erschien in der <i><a href="Wiener_Schachzeitung" title="Wiener Schachzeitung">Wiener Schachzeitung</a></i> eine korrekte Fassung mit einem zusätzlichen weißen Bauern auf b6, der die Diagonale von g1 nach a7 sperrt und damit die Nebenlösung ausschaltet. Die Korrektur wurde wahrscheinlich von Eduard Mazel vorgenommen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Gemäß dem Ökonomieprinzip wäre es wünschenswert, ohne zusätzliche weiße Steine auszukommen. Das wurde auch versucht, blieb aber erfolglos. So schlug <a href="Walther_Freiherr_von_Holzhausen" title="Walther Freiherr von Holzhausen">Walther Freiherr von Holzhausen</a> 1928 vor, den weißen König nach h1 zu versetzen und einen schwarzen Bauern h2 einzufügen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Version erwies sich aber nach 1. Lh8 Ka2! 2. Dc3 b1D+! als unlösbar.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Holzhausen meinte daraufhin, es bleibe wohl nichts anderes übrig, als doch einen weißen Stein hinzuzufügen, vorzugsweise einen weißen Bauern auf g2, der die Zuglinie der Dame nach g1 sperrt. Diese Korrektur veröffentlichte er 1929 in der <i><a href="Die_Schwalbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Schwalbe">Schwalbe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sie ist vielfach nachgedruckt worden.
</p><p><a href="Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9ron_(Schachspieler)" title="André Chéron (Schachspieler)">André Chéron</a> versuchte sich 1931 ebenfalls an einer Korrektur ohne Hinzufügung eines weißen Steins. Er schlug die Ergänzung eines <i>schwarzen</i> Bauern auf b6 vor.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dies ist jedoch ebenfalls inkorrekt wegen Unlösbarkeit nach 1. Lh8 Ka2 2. Dc3 b1D!, weil die weiße Dame nun nicht nach a5 kommt.
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<div><b>Turton, ILN 1856</b><br>
Version Wiener Schachzeitung 1912</div>
<table class="thumbimage hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:226px; border:none; border-spacing:0; text-align:center; line-height:100%;">
<tbody><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td>
<td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td>
<td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td>
<td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td>
<td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
</tr><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td style="width:6%"> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in drei Zügen</b></div></div></div></div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="tleft">
<div class="thumbinner hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:230px; border:2px solid #999999;">
<div><b>Turton, ILN 1856</b><br>
Version Holzhausen 1928</div>
<table class="thumbimage hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:226px; border:none; border-spacing:0; text-align:center; line-height:100%;">
<tbody><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td>
<td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td>
<td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td>
<td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td>
<td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
</tr><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td style="width:6%"> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in drei Zügen</b> (unlösbar)</div></div></div></div>
</td>
<td>
<div class="tleft">
<div class="thumbinner hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:230px; border:2px solid #999999;">
<div><b>Turton, ILN 1856</b><br>
Version Holzhausen 1929</div>
<table class="thumbimage hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:226px; border:none; border-spacing:0; text-align:center; line-height:100%;">
<tbody><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td>
<td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td>
<td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td>
<td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td>
<td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="width:6%"> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in drei Zügen</b></div></div></div></div>
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<div class="thumbinner hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="width:230px; border:2px solid #999999;">
<div><b>Turton, ILN 1856</b><br>
Version Chéron 1931</div>
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<tbody><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td>
<td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td>
<td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td>
<td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td>
<td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
</tr><tr>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#D18B47 !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td style="background:#FFCE9E !important; color:#000000;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span></td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
</tr><tr style="line-height:125%;">
<td style="width:6%"> </td>
<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div style="text-align:center;"><b>Matt in drei Zügen</b> (unlösbar)</div></div></div></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weitere_Probleme_und_Partien_Turtons">Weitere Probleme und Partien Turtons</h3></div>
<p>Eine umfassende Sammlung von Turtons Schachkompositionen gab es über lange Zeit nicht. Erst 2015 hat Fabrizio Zavatarelli 92 Kompositionen Turtons zusammengestellt und kommentiert. 87 davon stammen aus den Jahren 1850 bis 1860, es handelt sich großenteils um Drei- bis Fünfzüger. Zudem sind dort sieben Partien Turtons aus den Jahren 1853 bis 1855 dokumentiert, fünf davon gegen Charles Ranken.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Fabrizio Zavatarelli: <i>Henry Turton’s Poems on the Boards</i>. 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theproblemist.org/dloads/Turton.pdf">online</a> auf der Seite von <i><a href="The_Problemist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Problemist">The Problemist</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Johannes_Kohtz" title="Johannes Kohtz">Johannes Kohtz</a>, <a href="Carl_Kockelkorn" title="Carl Kockelkorn">Carl Kockelkorn</a>: <i>Der Durchschnittspunkt Turton’s.</i> In: dies.: <i>Das Indische Problem. Eine Schachstudie.</i> Stein, Potsdam 1903, S. 131–143. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arves.org/arves/images/PDF/kohtz_und_kockelkorn-das_indische_problem.pdf">Online</a> auf www.arves.org</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li>Erstveröffentlichung des Ur-Turton in der <i>Illustrated London News</i>, 6. September 1856, S. 261 (Problem Nr. 655). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015013762649?urlappend=%3Bseq=269">Online</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdb.dieschwalbe.de/search.jsp?expression=A='Turton'%20and%20FIRSTNAME='Henry'">Kompositionen von Henry Turton auf dem PDB-Server</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="Die_Schwalbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Schwalbe">Die Schwalbe</a></i>, Heft 223, Februar 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dieschwalbe.de/personalia223.htm">online</a>; Fabrizio Zavatarelli: <i>Henry Turton’s Poems on the Boards</i>. 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theproblemist.org/dloads/Turton.pdf">online</a> auf der Seite von <i><a href="The_Problemist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Problemist">The Problemist</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Johann_Jacob_L%C3%B6wenthal" title="Johann Jacob Löwenthal">Johann Jacob Löwenthal</a>: A selection from the problems of the Era problem tournament. T. Day, London 1857, S. 6–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082494224?urlappend=%3Bseq=18">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johann Jakob Löwenthal: <i>Era-Schach-Problemturnierbuch</i>. Weber, Leipzig 1857, Anhang: Urtheile der Preisrichter, dort S. 111. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hn52y7?urlappend=%3Bseq=124">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Siehe: <i>New Holtz Electrical Machine</i>. In: <i>The Science Record for 1873. A Compendium of Scientific Progress and Discovery during the past year.</i> New York, S. 91–92. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=XRM1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA91">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biografische Angaben nach Fabrizio Zavatarelli: <i>Henry Turton’s Poems on the Boards</i>. 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theproblemist.org/dloads/Turton.pdf">online</a> auf der Seite von <i><a href="The_Problemist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Problemist">The Problemist</a></i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. D. A. Smith: A History of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygene Anaesthesia. Part VI: Henry Turton, William Lloyd Poundall and Hallam. In: <i>British Journal of Anaesthesia</i> 38 (1966), S. 212–218. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/bja/article/38/3/212/252426/A-HISTORY-OF-NITROUS-OXIDE-AND-OXYGEN-ANAESTHESIA">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johannes Kohtz, Carl Kockelkorn: <i>Das Indische Problem. Eine Schachstudie.</i> Schachverlag Hans Hedewigs Nachf. Curt Ronniger, Leipzig 1903, S. 131–143.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="Wiener_Schachzeitung" title="Wiener Schachzeitung">Wiener Schachzeitung</a></i>, 1912, S. 28, Diagramm Nr. 3076, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=sze&datum=1912&page=50&size=45&qid=E7XV4NU0O9KCHO4XRSKBURK95KGGTP">online</a>, mit der Anmerkung: „Das Original erschien ohne weißen Bauer b6. Ich habe ihn, um die Nebenlösungen … auszumerzen, hinzugefügt.“ Der Autor wird nicht genannt, da Mazel jedoch der Problemredakteur der <i>Wiener Schachzeitung</i> war, dürfte es sich um ihn handeln. Alternativ käme <a href="Georg_Marco" title="Georg Marco">Georg Marco</a> als Chefredakteur in Frage.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walther Freiherr von Holzhausen: <i>Logik und Zweckreinheit im neudeutschen Schachproblem</i>. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin und Leipzig 1928, S. 70 (Diagramm Nr. 94).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabrizio Zavatarelli: <i>Henry Turton’s Poems on the Boards</i>. 2015, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theproblemist.org/dloads/Turton.pdf">online</a> auf der Seite von <i><a href="The_Problemist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Problemist">The Problemist</a></i>, S. 33; W. Frhr. von Holzhausen: <i>Erwiderung auf den Artikel Turton und der Kritische Zug in Heft 16</i>. In: <i>Die Schwalbe</i>, Neue Folge, 19. Heft, Juli 1929, S. 250–252, hier: S. 252. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://problem64.beda.cz/silo/schwalbe1929_19.pdf">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Frhr. von Holzhausen: <i>Erwiderung auf den Artikel Turton und der Kritische Zug in Heft 16</i>. In: <i>Die Schwalbe</i>, Neue Folge, 19. Heft, Juli 1929, S. 250–252, hier: S. 252. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://problem64.beda.cz/silo/schwalbe1929_19.pdf">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">André Chéron: <i>Les Échecs</i>, in: <i>Le Temps</i> vom 8. Februar 1931, S. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k248211w/f4.image">Online</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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